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Conflict

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hi I'm John Green this is crash course world history and today we're going to talk about Israel and Palestine hopefully without a flame War years years ago there wasn't and Islam yet so yeah no submitted very little of this conflict between Israel and Palestine over the last several decades has been about like theological differences between Islam and Judaism no one's arguing about whether the most imp any profits descended from Abraham son Isaac or his son Ishmael right tractable in a way that frankly it isn't so instead what's begin as most historians do in the late 19th century and discuss competing nationalisms okay show me the late 19th century the Ottoman Empire ruled over what we now know as Palestine the population there according to Autumn and records from 1878 with 87% Muslim 10% Christian and 3% Jewish Arabic is the Daily Language and in Jerusalem equal area grew up in Jerusalem in the first decade of the 20th Century warning the Quran in school and celebrating both pass over and eat with his Jewish and Muslim Neighbors in Palestine was the place in which people with different religious faiths lived peacefully together all right let's go to the late 19th century golden age of nationalism in Europe and no place was crazier than the Habsburg austro-hungarian Empire in which at least 10 different nations all wanted their own State and in that hyper nationalistic Empire lived in Jewish Theodor herzl who would hope to the Jews could have said 8 into European nations but soon became convinced that the Jewish people needed to leave Europe and settle in their own State the concept of Jewish nationalism came to be known as Zionism scientists were secular Jew so they imagine Israel as a Jews more than a Jewish state in 1917 the British government hoping to gain the support of Jewish people issues the Balfour Declaration promising quote The Establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people a bold promise considering the palace we still technically ottoman as they hadn't yet Lost World War II course they would soon but it turned out that the British were over promise really promise the French that they would divide up the Arab character the Brits would keep Palestine furthermore in 1915 other British officials had promised the ruler of Mecca Sharif Hussein that he would rule over an Arab State including Palestine revolt against the ottoman rule which was saying promptly did so basic the British promised Palestine to the meccans to themselves and to the zionists until the Palestinians were ready to govern themselves at which point the people living in Palestine were like well now seems good in the British were like yeah but maybe not just yet mean why Jews and Muslims making it difficult for Palestinian Christians and Muslims to Kauai and easier for the British to quote divide and rule the inhabitants of Palestine again what could go wrong for decorations promised to quote facilitate Jewish immigration under suitable conditions between 1820 and 1939 the Jewish population of Palestine increase by over 320,000 people in the population of Palestine Jewish population focused on purchasing land from absent non Palestinian Arab landowners and then evicting Palestinian farmers who were living and working there by controlling both the land and the labor they hope to establish a more secure Community within Palestine but of course these practices heightened tensions between Jewish people and Air Palestinians during the 1920s and 1930s the British would help of Jewish militias the British brutally press the Palestinian Revolt in the aftermath the British issued a white paper limiting Jewish immigration to Palestine and calling for the establishment of a joint Arab and Jewish state in Palestine within 10 years is managed to leave no one happy this best were angry at Britain for limiting Jewish immigration at a time when Jews particularly needed to leave Europe and the Arab Palestinians were unhappy about the prospect of waiting 10 years for a state actually quite a peaceful time in Palestine tensions resumed in the British realize that colonies like Palestine were far more trouble than they were worth so they handed the issue of Palestine over to the newly created United Nations United Nations for your first problem in 47 the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into separate Palestinian and Jewish State the partition Plan called for two states roughly equal in size but the borders looks like a jigsaw puzzle I mean you do not look at this map and see yeah that's going to work sure enough it didn't then soon after the plan was announced they cleverly name 1948 Arab Israeli War broke out with Israel on the one side and the Palestinians and many Arab states on the other one and an Armistice was signed in 1949 Israel occupy custard more land than they would have had under the UN proposal mean wild Jordan controlled and later NX the West Bank and the old city of Jerusalem and Egypt control the Gaza Strip over 700,000 Palestinians fled their homes and became Refuge he's in the surrounding Arab countries into Israelis this war was the beginning of their Nation to the Palestinians it was the knob, the catastrophe as they became stateless and then in 1967 Israel and several Arabs went to war again it was called the Six Days War because get this it lasted six days Israel one and then gain control over the West Bank the Gaza Strip the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights like this by 1967 things looked like this sending you in past resolution 242 man they are good at naming resolutions which outlined a basic framework for achieving peace including Israel withdrawing from the territory acquired in the war and all participants recognizing the rights of both of Palestinian and Anna release date to existence of course did not happen after the war the broader israeli-arab conflict morphed into a more specific israeli-palestinian conflict and Arabs not all Arabs are Palestinians and not all West Indians are Muslims like there's a significant Christian minority of Palestinians Princeton's Palestinian in Palestine Palestinian Liberation Organization or PLO formed in 19 64 and led by Yasser Arafat Israeli government settlements in what did Ben Palestinian territory including Jerusalem the West Bank and the Gaza Strip 50,000 Jewish settlers in the West Bank in over 200,000 in East Jerusalem in the settlements are illegal according to international law but Israel counters by saying that they are really low go because Palestine isn't really a state 1980 Palestinians launched the first intifada which would early means shaking off in the beginning would like boycotted Israeli products and services and refusing to pay Israeli taxes for many Israeli Armed Forces Crackdown protesters violence in sued the founding of Hamas with the first suicide bombing in Israel in 1993 and support partly because of social welfare projects in Gaza it built in steps most mosques in clinics in the emergence of peace talks between Palestinians and Israelis Security Council resolution 242 resolve I mean putting aside the question of like how to make two states that don't look like a jigsaw puzzle of the Jewish settlement in the right for Palestinian refugees and their descendants to return to Palestine water rights with a big deal in that part of the world and so on very complicated then came the Clinton talks it's time for the open letter to see what's inside of the American Presidents probably came closer than any other time recent history to an actual peace deal between the Israelis and the Palestinians and currently claimed by Israel than any time in the past even Yasser Arafat was surprised although not all the questions got addressed you were definitely losing it on something but in the end it didn't happen in since then not to criticize you things have gotten kind of worse and worse and worse worst of all that with your big Legacy moment. Why you were president in short it could have been amazing but instead it was kind of like your presidency actually at least you always have those vodka-soaked hugs with Boris Yeltsin to look back on best wishes John green rocks government was undermined and then in September of two cousin prime minister candidate Ariel Sharone let a group of 1,000 armed guards to the Temple mount in the old city of Jerusalem only the kabah in Mecca and the prophet's mosque in Medina and it's the holiest site in Judaism so in short it's a pretty touchy place to March do with a thousand armed guards event sparked a massive protest which eventually led to the much more violence second intifada in which more than 3,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israeli eventually 2002 the Israelis claiming to acting defensive civilians began construction of a wall around the West Bank but instead of following the borders established after the 1967 many Israeli settlements on the Israeli side to Israel that was about self defense to Palestinians it was an illegal land grab that in 2005 Yasser Arafat died and in an election shortly thereafter Hamas won a majority of the Parliamentary seats in the Palestinian Authority have sort of divided how to govern Palestine and it's also sort of been poorly governed Israel Israel has responded with extended and extremely violent invasions of Palestinian territory that have seen thousands of Palestinians killed many of the militants but also many not responding to the provocations of the other but much of the conflict reflects a consistent failure on all sides to understand the legitimacy of The Others near Palestine the Palestinian people have been denied us not just sent the formation of Israel but also for decades before that and now they live under what amounts to a military occupation and that's all through the Jewish people clearly need a Homeland which the United Nations established and they certainly aren't the First Nation tape to consolidate and increase their territory by a military Victory and they need to protect their Nation against the many active threats made against them by their neighbors that's also true of these competing National with divisions Anniston Palestinian national Visions to eventually work its necessary to understand the right of each to exist and it would jemicy of peaches historical married but these problems aren't thousands of years old and they aren't intractable they emerged in the British man sorry. Let's hope it by understanding that this isn't an endless religious war that we might be closer to seeing its end thanks for watching I'll see you next week in Stacy MN code Studio in Indianapolis and it's made possible by are subscribers on sellable so thanks to you all by the way if you want to learn more about them in the video info below to share these videos with their students and to the students who share them with teachers as we say in my hometown don't forget to be awesome

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